The Forum

Students at colleges say the cost of textbooks continues to create financial stress, even as the college works to keep tuition affordable. While community colleges are often viewed as a lower-cost pathway to higher education, students report that required books, online access codes, and course materials can add hundreds of dollars to their semester expenses. As inflation affects everyday necessities such as food, gas, and housing, textbook costs are becoming a more visible concern across campuses.

According to the College Board, the average full-time undergraduate student at a public four-year institution spends hundreds of dollars annually on books and supplies. While costs vary by major and institution, students in science, technology, and health programs often report spending the most due to specialized access codes and lab manuals.

“I spent about $450 on textbooks this semester,” said Ethan Nichols, a second-year student at STLCC, in an email interview. “One of my classes required an online homework code that couldn’t be bought used. That was the most expensive part.” Nichols said he works part-time and tries to save money by comparing prices online and renting books whenever possible. “If I can find an older edition that the professor approves, I’ll do that,” he said.

In response, Nichols transitioned several of her courses to open educational resources (OER). These materials are freely available online and can be adapted by instructors to fit specific course objectives. The U.S. Department of Education has promoted the use of OER nationwide as a strategy to improve college affordability and access. Nichols said the shift has improved classroom engagement. “When everyone has access to the material on the first day, discussions are stronger, and students feel more prepared,” he said.

Faculty members were aware of the financial burden and are taking steps to reduce costs. Some instructors are incorporating open educational resources, or OER, into their courses. These materials are freely available online and can be adapted by instructors to fit specific course objectives. The U.S. Department of Education has promoted the use of OER nationwide as a tool to improve college affordability.

Some college bookstore officials are also working to provide more affordable options. Rental programs, used textbooks, and digital access options are increasingly available. Some courses participate in inclusive access programs, where digital materials are automatically provided to students at a discounted rate. Students have the option to opt out and purchase materials independently if they prefer.

For many students, affordability remains central to their college experience. Colleges serve a diverse population, including working adults, first-generation students, and those balancing family responsibilities. Unexpected expenses, even a few hundred dollars, can create significant strain. Nichols said budgeting for textbooks is something he plans for each semester. “It’s not impossible,” he said, “but it definitely makes you think carefully about your finances.”

Advocacy groups have argued that textbook affordability is directly connected to student success. The Student Public Interest Research Groups have reported that some students nationwide delay or avoid purchasing required materials because of cost, potentially affecting academic performance. While students interviewed said they try to obtain materials as quickly as possible, several acknowledged waiting until after the first week of class to confirm a textbook is truly necessary.

While some students appreciate the convenience of inclusive access, others remain cautious. Williams said he carefully reviews each charge before deciding whether to opt out. “It’s helpful to have instant access,” he said, “but I still check if I can find it cheaper somewhere else.” At colleges, both students and faculty say awareness is growing. Departments are discussing cost considerations when selecting new textbooks, and more instructors are exploring digital or library-based alternatives. 

Faculty and administration agree that awareness has grown in recent years. Departments are more deliberate about textbook selection, considering whether free or older materials can achieve the same educational goals.

For many students, affordability remains central to their college experience. Colleges often serve students balancing jobs, families, and coursework, making unexpected expenses more challenging. As it continues to expand rental options, digital materials, and open educational resources, administrators and faculty say the goal is to reduce barriers that might prevent students from succeeding. Ensuring that students have timely access to required materials supports both academic performance and retention.

Sources

College Board. Trends in College Pricing and Student Aid 2023. College Board, 2023.

Student Public Interest Research Groups. “Fixing the Broken Textbook Market.” Student PIRGs, 2022.

U.S. Department of Education. “Open Educational Resources.” ed.gov.